Battle of Suipacha

Battle of Suipacha
Part of Bolivian War of Independence
Argentine War of Independence

Detail of a lithography of the battle
Date November 7, 1810
Location Bolivia
Result Decisive United Provinces victory[1]
Belligerents
United Provinces of South America
Republiquetas		 Spanish Empire
Commanders and leaders
Antonio González Balcarce
Juan José Castelli		 José de Córdoba
Vicente Nieto
Strength
600
10 field guns		 800
4 field guns
Alto Perú Campaigns 1810-17

The Battle of Suipacha was fought on 7 November 1810 in Bolivia during the Bolivian War of Independence between the Spanish colonial army and the Republican forces sent by the Primera Junta from Buenos Aires. At the time Bolivia was known as Upper Peru (Alto Perú). It was the first decisive defeat of the Royalists by Republican forces. The battle took place 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Tupiza, near the small town of Suipacha, on the margin of the Suipacha river in the Sud Chichas province (Potosí Department in Bolivia).

Contents

Background

An earlier rebellion in Upper Peru during 1809 had been crushed by Royalist forces under the command of Generals Vicente Nieto and José de Córdoba, leaving the region firmly under Spanish control.[2] After the 1810 May Revolution, the Republicans sent an expeditionary army, led by Antonio González Balcarce, to Upper Peru with the mission of conducting a reconnaissance of the region. Departing from Buenos Aires, its ranks swelled in route as volunteers joined the march. Among these was a group of gauchos led by Martín Miguel de Güemes, who would go on to play a key role in the southern revolution. By the time the expedition reached Upper Peru, it was 600 men strong with 10 field pieces.

A swift action

After an earlier action at Cotagaita on 27 October in which they were repulsed, Republican forces withdrew and occupied a position on the southern bank of the Suipacha River, around the small town of Nazareno. Having received reinforcements, the Royalists attacked this position with 800 men, but were beaten when the Republicans counter-attacked their left flank. Subsequently the Republicans were able to attack the Royalists camp and force a general withdrawal. The battle had last only 30 minutes.[3] The victory was also followed by a general uprising in Upper Perú, which led to the capture and execution of the Spanish Governor Francisco de Paula Sanz at Potosi. Generals Nieto and Córdoba were also shot by a firing squad. The Republican army then continued to advance north to the river Desaguadero.[4]

Aftermath

The victory at Suipacha had a strong effect on morale, which was shown in the celebrations in Potosí on November 10 and in Buenos Aires where the Junta authorized all the combatants to wear an arm band with the inscription "La patria a los vencedores de Tupiza" (the motherland to the victors of Tupiza). From a political point of view, the battle was decisive, because it did secure for a long time the hegemony of the Revolutionary forces over the major part of the former Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.[1]

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b De Vedia y Mitre, Mariano: La Vida de Monteagudo. German Kraft editor, 1950. Page 117. (Spanish)
  2. ^ Levantamiento de la Paz-1809 (Spanish)
  3. ^ Sierra, Vicente D.: Historia de la Argentina. Unión de Editores Latinos, 1962, pp. 171-183. (Spanish)
  4. ^ Palacio, Ernesto: Historia de la Argentina, 1515-1976. Abeledo-Perrot, 1981. Page 168. (Spanish)

External references